摘要:【目的】喹諾酮類藥物和慶大霉素均為、廣譜抗生素,對大多數(shù)革蘭氏陽性菌和革蘭氏陰性菌都具有顯著的抗菌效果,是中國畜牧業(yè)和水產(chǎn)業(yè)中常用的兩類獸藥。由于這兩類藥物在動物源性食品中的殘留可能導(dǎo)致對人類健康的危害,因此,為了保護消費者的健康,研究和制定動物源性食品中同時檢測這兩類藥物的殘留檢測方法對完善中國的食品安全監(jiān)測體系具有重要意義?!痉椒ā拷⒘送瑫r檢測牛奶中13種喹諾酮類和慶大霉素殘留的膠體金免疫層析方法。利用獲得的喹諾酮類和慶大霉素單克隆抗體,采用檸檬酸三鈉還原法制備膠體金顆粒,并對這兩類抗體按比例進行混合標(biāo)記。同時,采用方陣法系統(tǒng)研究了膠體金標(biāo)記這兩類抗體時的pH值和抗體用量對靈敏度的影響,并對這兩類藥物抗原的包被條件進行選擇確定。在此基礎(chǔ)上研發(fā)出可同時檢測牛奶中13種喹諾酮類藥物和慶大霉素的膠體金快速檢測試紙條,試紙條采用直接競爭法原理?!窘Y(jié)果】該方法可同時檢測恩諾沙星、環(huán)丙沙星、諾氟沙星、氟甲喹、培氟沙星、氧氟沙星、依諾沙星、噁喹酸、麻保沙星、氟羅沙星、奧比沙星、達(dá)氟沙星和洛美沙星這13種喹諾酮類藥物和慶大霉素,對其他喹諾酮類藥物如:沙拉沙星、二氟沙星、司帕沙星、帕珠沙星等無交叉反應(yīng),同時對其他氨基糖苷類藥物如:鏈霉素、新霉素、卡那霉素也無交叉反應(yīng)。該試紙條對牛奶中這13種喹諾酮類藥物和慶大霉素的檢測限均為20 ng·mL-1,*國家對這兩類藥物的殘留*。牛奶樣本直接檢測,無需處理,整個檢測過程5 min內(nèi)完成。【結(jié)論】采用該方法和HPLC-MS/MS對60份牛奶盲樣進行對比檢測,陽性樣品全部檢出,同時篩選方法未出現(xiàn)假陽性和假陰性現(xiàn)象,二者的測定結(jié)果基本相符,表明該方法準(zhǔn)確可靠,適用于現(xiàn)場大批量樣本的快速檢測和篩選。實際操作過程中,可以采用膠體金免疫層析對樣品進行現(xiàn)場快速初篩;篩選的疑似陽性樣品,可以采用HPLC-MS/MS方法對樣品中QNS和GEN的含量進一步確認(rèn)。
關(guān)鍵詞:喹諾酮類;慶大霉素;殘留;膠體金免疫層析
Development of a Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Technique for Simultaneous Detection of Quinolones and Gentamicin in Milk
LI Xiang-mei1,2,WANG Zhan-hui1,XIAO Xi-long1,WANG Zhao-peng2,WEN Kai1,WU Xiao-ping2, XIA Xi1,WU Jin-xiao3,JIANG Hai-yang1
(1College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193;2Beijing WDWK Biotechnology Company, Ltd., Beijing 100095;3Shanxi Institute of Feed and Veterinary Drugs Control, Shanxi 030027)
Abstract:【Objective】Quinolones and gentamicin are highly effective and broad-spectrum antibiotics. They have significant antibiotic effects on gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and are widely used in agriculture in China. Because these two types of drug residues in foods of animal origin may cause harm to human health, therefore, in order to protect the consumers’ health, it is necessary to develop a detection method for simultaneous monitoring these two types of drugs residue level in food. A colloidal gold immunochromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous detection of 13 quinolones and gentamicin residues in milk.【Method】In this study, based on the quinolones and gentamicin monoclonal antibodies, the colloidal gold particles were prepared by sodium citrate reduction method, and mixed labeled with same ratio of these two types of monoclonal antibodies. The effect of pH and antibody amount for gold-antibody conjugation on the strip test sensitivity was investigated. Meanwhile, the coating condition of these two types of antigens was selected. A colloidal gold rapid test strip was developed to simultaneously detect 13 quinolones and gentamicin residue in milk on these bases, and the test strip using the principle of direct competition.【Result】The results showed that the method can simultaneously detect 13 quinolones and gentamicin. These 13 quinolones include enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, flumequine, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, oxolinic acid, marbofloxacin, fleroxacin, orbifloxacin, danofloxacin and lomefloxacin. The test strip has no cross-reaction to other quinolones such as sarafloxacin, difloxacin, sparfloxacin and pazufloxacin, etc. At the same time, it has no cross-reaction to other aminoglycosides such as streptomycin, neomycin and kanamycin. The limit of detection was estimated to be 20 ng·mL-1 in milk for both the 13 quinolones and gentamicin, since the detection test line on the strip test compley disappeared at this concentration. The detection limit for milk sample of these two types of drugs fully meets the detection limit requirements of China. Samples were detected directly without treatment, and the entire testing process was completed within 5 min.【Conclusion】A parallel analysis of quinolones and gentamicin in 60 blind raw milk samples conducted by HPLC-MS/MS showed comparable results to those obtained from the strip test. All positive samples were detected while false positive and false negative phenomenon did not appear with this screening method. The results demonstrated that the developed method is suitable for the onsite determination of quinolones and gentamicin residues in a large number of samples. Since this method provides only qualitative and semiquantitative results, the determined positive samples should be further confirmed by more sensitive methods such as HPLC-MS/MS.
Key words: quinolones; gentamicin; residue; colloidal gold immunochromatographic
0 引言
【研究意義】喹諾酮類(QNS)和慶大霉素(GEN)均為廣譜、抗生素,對大多數(shù)革蘭氏陽性菌和革蘭氏陰性菌都具有顯著的抗菌效果,因此是農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)和水產(chǎn)業(yè)中常用的獸藥,也常被添加到飼料中促進動物的生長發(fā)育[1-2]。隨著這兩類藥物在畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的不斷應(yīng)用,其殘留問題日趨嚴(yán)重,在動物性食品中的殘留不僅危害人的身體健康,如QNS可引起惡心,嘔吐,影響軟骨發(fā)育,GEN具有耳毒性和腎毒性,還污染環(huán)境、影響新藥開發(fā)和臨床用藥,而且不利于養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的健康發(fā)展及畜禽產(chǎn)品的出口;更為嚴(yán)重的是動物性食品中殘留較低濃度的藥物容易誘導(dǎo)人類致病菌產(chǎn)生耐藥性,不利于該類藥物對人類疾病的治療。為嚴(yán)格控制這兩類抗生素在動物源食品中的殘留,保證人民身體健康,保證進出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,提高中國畜產(chǎn)品的信譽,中國*第235號公告對這兩類藥物在動物源性食品中的zui高殘留*(MRLs)均作了明確規(guī)定[3]。因此,研究這兩類藥物的殘留檢測方法對中國的食品安全監(jiān)測具有非常重要的意義?!厩叭搜芯窟M展】目前國內(nèi)外用于動物源食品中QNS和GEN殘留檢測的分析方法主要有微生物法[4]、放射化學(xué)法[5]、免疫分析法[6-10](包括放射免疫法、酶聯(lián)免疫法、熒光免疫法、免疫傳感器和蛋白芯片)、薄層色譜法[11]、毛細(xì)管電泳色譜法[12-13]、液相色譜法[14-16]、氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法[17]、液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法[18-20]等。微生物方法所需設(shè)備簡單、價格低廉, 適合于大批樣品的檢測;但是該法存在菌種不易篩選, 影響因素復(fù)雜、檢測耗時長、穩(wěn)定性差、度低、靈敏度低的特點, 往往不能滿足目前實際檢測工作的要求。液相色譜、質(zhì)譜聯(lián)機等儀器方法靈敏度高,可以提供定量及確證分析,但是前處理復(fù)雜,需要昂貴的儀器,且對操作人員有專業(yè)的要求,不適合基層檢測分析?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c】免疫分析法是近年來快速發(fā)展的一種方法, 具有靈敏度高、特異性強、適用范圍廣、操作簡便、快捷、成本低廉及現(xiàn)場適應(yīng)能力強等優(yōu)點。膠體金免疫層析法與其他免疫方法如ELISA 相比,樣品前處理簡單,不需任何儀器, 結(jié)果可在5—10min內(nèi)獲取,且對操作人員沒有專業(yè)要求,非常適合現(xiàn)場大批量樣本的篩選。但目前國內(nèi)外還未出現(xiàn)可同時檢測QNS和GEN兩類藥物的膠體金免疫方法的報道?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問題】建立同時檢測牛奶中QNS和GEN兩類藥物殘留的膠體金免疫層析方法。
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